Mohammed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985) is a landmark case in Indian constitutional law that dealt with the question of whether Muslim women were entitled to maintenance after divorce under the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937.

The case arose after Shah Bano Begum, a Muslim woman, filed a petition seeking maintenance from her husband, Mohammed Khan, after their divorce. The trial court granted her maintenance, but the High Court overturned the decision, citing the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937, which did not provide for maintenance for divorced Muslim women.